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Easy Guide to Living Trusts

The Living Trust

The main advantage of a living trust is the avoidance of probate. Probate is the court proceeding in which your property is transferred to your heirs. Attorneys charge about 10% of the GROSS value of the estate to administer the probate and the probate process takes between 9 months to 2 years (absent litigation or contested claims) to complete.

NOTE: All Wills must be probated.

A living trust avoids probate because probate only affects those assets that you own at the time of your death, however, assets placed in a living trust are not owned by you and, therefore, are not subject to the probate process. The trust is a written declaration and contract where you (and your spouse) state you (as "grantor") are transferring your probate assets into the name of the living trust for your sole benefit during your lifetime (lifetime "beneficiary"). You (and your spouse) will be the "trustee(s)" of your living trust which means that during your lifetime, you will have complete control over the living trust's assets. You (and your spouse) will name a "successor trustee" (which is akin to an executor of a last will and testament) who will carry out your wishes as outlined in your trust at the time of your death (or upon the death of the surviving spouse). Your heirs receive benefit of the estate only after the death of the second spouse. Because the trust is REVOCABLE, you will have the power to change, amend or revoke your living trust at any time during your lifetime.

Pour-Over Will

This instrument is necessary when a living trust is created and is used as a safety net for those assets that have not been titled in the name of the living trust. It provides that any assets not held in trust and, therefore may be subject to probate, will be placed ("poured-over") into the living trust after the probate is completed. Generally, a Pour-Over Will makes sure that the living trust provisions will apply to your non-probate assets as well.

WHILE THE PROVISIONS OF THE LIVING TRUST AND POUR-OVER WILL ARE CARRIED OUT AT THE TIME OF YOUR DEATH, THE FOLLOWING ANCILLARY DOCUMENTS ARE ONLY UTILIZED DURING YOUR LIFETIME DURING A STATE OF INCAPASITY:

Durable Power of Attorney

A durable power of attorney takes affect upon the incapacity of the person signing it (the "principal"). The principal appoints an agent to make decisions regarding the property of the principal during the time of incapacity. The durable power of attorney is similar to the general power of attorney except that it only takes effect upon the incapacity of the principal. It is extremely useful in case of an accident or a long, debilitating illness, since absent a durable power of attorney, an application to the probate court for appointment of a conservator must be made.

Power of Attorney for Health Care

A medical power of attorney takes affect upon the incapacity of the person signing it (the "principal"). The principal designates an agent to carry out health care decisions for the principal as outlined in the medical power of attorney and/or any existing Living Will Directive. This power of attorney involves only health care decisions and does not affect decisions regarding the principal's property and/or assets. Generally, an agent may make health care decisions on the principal's behalf only if the principal's attending physician certifies in writing that the principal is incompetent. Absent a medical power of attorney, an application to the probate court for appointment of a guardian must be made.

Living Will Directive

The Living Will Directive is used to make decisions now about your medical care if you are ever in a terminal condition, a persistent vegetative state or an irreversible coma. The Living Will clearly states what choices you would make for yourself if you were able to communicate your wishes. It is your written directions to your health care agent (if you have one) your family, your physician, and any other person who might be in a position to make medical care decisions for you.

The Living Will takes the responsibility for making medical decisions off your loved ones' shoulders by clearly stating your wishes regarding your end-of-life decisions.

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